Background in april 2002, the parties to the convention committed themselves to achieve by 2010 a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level as a contribution to poverty alleviation and to the benefit of all life on earth this target was subsequently endorsed by the world summit on sustainable development and the united nations. Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Short for biological diversity, the term encompasses. Jun 06, 2012 the 1992 earth summit caused an explosion of interest in understanding how biodiversity loss might impact the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems, as well as the supply of goods and services of. As a result, in recent years much of the demand has been met by poachers in india.
Biological diversity and united nations sustainable development. Biodiversity falls below safe levels globally sciencedaily. This objective was subsequently endorsed by the world summit on sustainable development, and was reinforced by g8 environment ministers following their meeting in potsdam in march 2007. A habitat is the place where a plant or animal naturally. Biodiversity is the variety within and between animal and plant life in a particular habitat or the entire planet. In addition, students could create psas public service announcements for their posters and upload to so they can make qr codes that are glued to each poster.
This is the first time weve quantified the effect of habitat loss on biodiversity globally in such detail and weve found that across most of the world biodiversity loss is no longer within the. The term that is used to define this crowd of organisms that populate every corner of the planet, and that have adapted even to the most extreme environments, is biodiversity or biological diversity. Oct 19, 2012 the parasite community from the new jersey stream was the least robust, owing to relatively low generality. In any particular region on the planet, there are numerous different species. Available evidence suggests there is a continuing decline in biodiversity. Loss of habitat, including destruction, degradation and fragmentation, is the primary cause of biodiversity loss. Understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and the policy assessment framework 7 list of figures figure 1. Biodiversity loss in the philippines comm 1 essays. Biodiversity loss, also called loss of biodiversity, a decrease in biodiversity within a species, an ecosystem, a given geographic area, or earth as a whole.
The endangered species act is designed to conserve species in the united states that are considered to be facing extinction. By disrupting ecosystem function, biodiversity loss leads to ecosystems that are less resilient, more vulnerable to shocks and disturbances, and less able to supply humans with needed services. Biodiversity loss can have indirect effects on human wellbeing as well. Loss of biodiversity deforestation throughout indonesia. Valuing biodiversity and reversing its decline by 2030 ieep. Nov 25, 2014 biodiversity loss in the philippines november 25, 2014 november 29, 2014 bayologist philippines being an archipelago and a tropical country is a land of rugged physical features. Evolution in biodiversity policy current gaps and future.
Philippines being an archipelago and a tropical country is a land of rugged physical features. Biodiversity loss threatens key ecosystem functions. In addition to members of the national science board involved in this study, the work of the task force benefited significantly from the contributions of dr. Biodiversity loss threatens key ecosystem functions previous studies have shown that loss of plant biodiversity will lead to falling plant productivity1 however, the results of this latest study suggest that policymakers and land managers need to consider the threat of. Over the last two centuries, human population growth, overexploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation have resulted. The 1992 earth summit caused an explosion of interest in understanding how biodiversity loss might impact the dynamics and functioning of ecosystems, as well as. European commission press release details page brussels, 9 february 2004 what is biodiversity loss. Use gender to help conserve biodiversity the world conservation union iucn has highlighted the need to ensure gender is a crucial component of national biodiversity strategies.
Alterations in ecosystem composition, such as the loss or decline of a species, can lead to a loss of biodiversity. Gbo4, like the previous editions of the report, is an output of the processes under the convention. The main cause of the loss of biodiversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the worlds ecosystem, in fact human beings have deeply altered the environment, and have modified the territory, exploiting the species directly, for example by fishing and hunting, changing the biogeochemical cycles and transferring species from one area to. If the impact of biodiversity loss is more severe for the poorest people, it is because they have few alternatives to deal with. The current loss of biodiversity can be attributed to several different factors. Iucn guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss caused by alien invasive species prepared by the ssc invasive species specialist group approved by the 51st meeting of the iucn council, gland switzerland, february 2000 index 1. Biodiversity loss is a development issue a rapid reiew of eidence 4. The earth is populated by an incredible number of different living creatures. Oct 25, 2016 in addition, students could create psas public service announcements for their posters and upload to so they can make qr codes that are glued to each poster. The goal of these guidelines is to prevent further losses of biological diversity due to the deleterious effects of alien invasive species. Halting global biodiversity loss is central to the convention on. Humandominated marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating loss of populations and species. Tilman d 2006 biodiversity loss threatens human wellbeing.
Pipeline of projects ranging from area selection in the earliest stage. Biodiversity decline encompasses more than just species loss. The main cause of the loss of biodiversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the worlds ecosystem fishing and hunting, changing the biogeochemical cycles, fish stocks are dwindling, forest loss is resulting in the loss of raw materials, land use change, climate change, invasive species, overexploitation, and pollution. More particularly, i want to ask how rural incomes may be related to the market failures, which drive biodiversity loss in. The objectives of this legally binding global treaty are the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, as well as a fair sharing of the benefits of the utilization of genetic resources. Biodiversity refers to the variety of genes, spe cies and ecosystems that can be found in the environment. The costs of inaction on biodiversity loss are high. Why is biodiversity important and reasons for loss of. Biodiversity loss is a development issue biodiversity isnt just iconic and charismatic wildlife, it is the diversity of life, from genes and microorganisms to top predators and whole ecosystems. Loss of biodiversity increasingly threatens human well. There is growing concern about the health consequences. Unesco eolss sample chapters land use, land cover and soil sciences vol.
Important biological causes of the loss of biological diversity include the loss of. Biodiversity loss list of high impact articles ppts. Human population size, growth, density and migration are underlying causes of biodiversity loss. The loss of biodiversity brought about irreversible consequences of gene pool depletion, which is attributed to the rapid destruction of habitats. Global biodiversity outlook 4 3 t he preparation of the fourth edition of global biodiversity outlook gbo4 began in 2010 following the tenth meeting of the conference of the parties to the convention on biological diversity.
We present nine steps to reduce biodiversity loss, with a goal of relegating humancaused extinctions to the wrongs of the past. Hunting for sport is also a factor for loss of animal biodiversity. Biodiversity and human health convention biological diversity. We conclude that marine biodiversity loss is increasingly impairing the oceans capacity to.
From the time when humans first occupied earth and began to hunt animals, gather food and chop wood, they have had an impact on biodiversity. Landuse change, however, occurs over a variety of spatial scales, making it difficult to utilise incentives in order to target the major actors engaging in landuse change activities. A national approach to biodiversity decline executive summary over recent decades, all levels of government have been working to prevent the loss of native species and their habitats. Many activities indispensable for human subsistence lead to biodiversity loss, and this trend is likely to continue in the future. Gardner brown, university of washington, seattle, dr. Exploitation comes in the form of hunting, fishing, poaching, and illegal trade, among. I landuse, landcover changes and biodiversity loss helena freitas encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Evolution in biodiversity policy current gaps and future needs. Loss of biodiversity increasingly threatens human wellbeing.
The countrys terrain is full of hills, mountains, volcanoes, plains, rivers, bays, lakes and vast seas. It also includes the loss of genetic diversity within species and loss of ecosystems. Iucn guidelines for the prevention of biodiversity loss caused by. Biodiversity measures the variety of animal and vegetable species in the biosphere and is. The root causes of biodiversity loss wood, alexander on. The disassembly of this food web led to a concave up association between freeliving biodiversity loss and parasite richness.
Global population is projected to grow to anywhere between 8. Deforestation a greater threat to the amazon than global warming. Therefore, they highly rely on integrity of their local environment. Conservation plans enacted in response to the law seek to protect species from habitat loss and other drivers of biodiversity loss. A smallscale example of biodiversity is the various life forms within the park in the neighborhood.
The biggest threats to biodiversity are exploitation and habitat destruction. The integration of biodiversity into one health oie. It can mean that biodiversity has been harmed, rather than lost altogether. Causes of biodiversity lossaccording to most sources, the major directcauses of humaninduced biodiversity lossare1. Oct, 2011 biodiversity loss can have indirect effects on human wellbeing as well. Loss of biodiversity, habitat fragmentation and the. As humankind has expanded its influence over the biosphere, it has also extinguished species and populations at an alarming rate.
Drivers of biodiversity loss the environmental literacy council. Poor areas also depend on urban biodiversity, not only for food production and other commodities, but also for services provided by ecosystems, including the preservation of clean air and water and waste decomposition. A pdf version can be downloaded from the internet at. Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is a term that refers to the number of genes, species, individual organisms within a given species, and biological communities within a defined geographic area, ranging from the smallest ecosystem to the global biosphere. Evolutionary diversification, though continuously counterbalanced by extinction species present today represent only 24% of all those that have ever lived. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental degradation that leads to the loss is reversible through ecological restoration ecological resilience or. Reductions in global biodiversity loss predicted from conservation.
In association with its topography, it is easy to conclude that these landforms and bodies of water are inhabited by myriad animals. Moreover, the poor people have a limited purchasing power. Biodiversity loss is the extinction of species plant or animal worldwide, and also the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat. Throughout the tropics these are all increasing in intensity, but the main threats are from habitat loss, such as deforestation, and overharvesting. The problem of biodiversity loss article pdf available in gaia ecological perspectives on science and society 214 december 2012 with 1,483 reads how we measure reads. Biodiversity reflects the number, variety and variability of living organisms as well as how these change from one location to another and over time. Habitats are under threat from a variety of humancaused factors including climate change, deforestation, pollution and the introduction of pests and predators.
Introduction this paper is intended as an analytical approach for a series of case studies that will explore the socioeconomic root causes of biodiversity loss. It includes diversity within species, between species, and among ecosystems, in sum the diversity of all life on earth. More particularly, i want to ask how rural incomes may be related to the market failures, which drive biodiversity loss in lowincome countries. The parasite community from the new jersey stream was the least robust, owing to relatively low generality. Consensus statement one there is now unequivocal evidence that biodiversity loss reduces the efficiency by which ecological communities capture biologically essential resources, produce biomass, decompose and recycle. Sustainable consumption for biodiversity and ecosystem. Taking peru as a case study, this paper analyses causes and effects of biodiversity loss based on local expert knowledge in order to identify necessary policy adjustments for improved biodiversity. By far, the primary cause of biodiversity loss is habitat destruction resulting from landuse change. Study on understanding the causes of biodiversity loss and.
The main cause of the loss of biodiversity can be attributed to the influence of human beings on the worlds ecosystem, in fact human beings have deeply altered the environment, and have modified the territory, exploiting the species directly, for example by fishing and hunting, changing the biogeochemical. All these changes are summarised under the term glob al change and are interrelated, but little secure. Smith, consultative group on biodiversity, new york, dr. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity nature. Jun 11, 20 causes of biodiversity lossaccording to most sources, the major directcauses of humaninduced biodiversity lossare1.
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